Turn on more accessible mode
Turn off more accessible mode
Skip Ribbon Commands
Skip to main content
Turn off Animations
Turn on Animations
Sign In
PEPA Knowledge Hub
  • Home
  • Team
    • Functional Team Heads
  • Function Groups
    • Community Development
    • Economic Development
    • General Public Services
    • Health and Social Development
    • Learning and Culture
    • Peace and Security
  • Resources
    • Completed Spending Reviews
      • Community Development
      • Economic Development
      • Economic Development - Rural Space
      • General Public Services
      • General Public Services - Corporate Services and Commodities
      • Health and Social Development
      • Learning and Culture - Arts and Culture
      • Learning and Culture - Basic Education
      • Learning and Culture - Higher Education and Training
      • Learning and Culture - Post School Education and Training (PSET)
      • Peace and Security
    • Personnel Analysis
    • Inspirational Infographics
    • Tips and Tricks
  • Toolbox
    • Step 1: Institutional Map
    • Step 2: Process Map and Logframe
    • Step 3: Indicators and Performance Analysis
    • Step 4: Expenditure Analysis
    • Step 5: Cost Modelling
    • Step 6: Spending Review Report
  • Calendar
  • FAQs
  • Conference 2021
  • Login

Spending Reviews - Economic Development

Search
  • Community Development
  • Economic DevelopmentCurrently selected
  • Economic Development - Rural Space
  • General Public Services
  • General Public Services - Corporate Services and Commodities
  • Health and Social Development
  • Learning and Culture - Arts and Culture
  • Learning and Culture - Basic Education
  • Learning and Culture - Higher Education and Training
  • Learning and Culture - Post School Education and Training (PSET)
  • Peace and Security
Site Contents
Page Content
[section layout="default"]
[section-item 3]
[row layout="full-height" color="neutral-light"]
[column 12]
[panel panel-style="transparent" title="ABOUT" title-size="20" separator-color="primary"]

In 2013, the National Treasury initiated a series of performance and expenditure reviews (PERs) of selected public programmes or policies. Projects were chosen on the basis of recommendations by the Ministers’ Committee on the Budget (a sub-committee of Cabinet), and officials of DPME and National Treasury. These full spending reviews are now available for your learning, and sorted under the different function groups.

[/panel]

[icons-list alignment="right" no-icon-style="empty" title-text-size="16"]
[icon-list-item shortpoint_connection="%7B%22id%22%3A%22sharePointList%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22siteCollection%22%3A%22%2F%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22SideMenus%22%2C%22view%22%3A%22Completed%20Spending%20Reviews%22%2C%22itemsLimit%22%3A0%2C%22itemsQueryViewFieldsTypes%22%3A%7B%22LinkTitle%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Link%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A2%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Text%22%7D%2C%22Function_x0020_Group%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Order_x0020_Number%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A9%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Number%22%7D%7D%2C%22itemsQueryExtraFields%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22listInfo%22%3A%7B%22isDocumentLibrary%22%3Afalse%2C%22isDiscussionList%22%3Afalse%2C%22isPublishingPages%22%3Afalse%2C%22isExternalList%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultDisplayFormUrl%22%3A%22%2Fpepa%2FLists%2FSideMenus%2FDispForm.aspx%22%7D%2C%22queryText%22%3A%22%3CView%20Scope%3D'RecursiveAll'%3E%3CQuery%3E%3COrderBy%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22Order_x0020_Number%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FOrderBy%3E%3CWhere%3E%3CContains%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22Function_x0020_Group%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3CValue%20Type%3D%5C%22Text%5C%22%3ECompleted%20Spending%20Reviews%3C%2FValue%3E%3C%2FContains%3E%3C%2FWhere%3E%3C%2FQuery%3E%3CRowLimit%3E30%3C%2FRowLimit%3E%3C%2FView%3E%22%7D%2C%22caching%22%3Anull%7D" title="%23LinkTitle" link="%23Link" /] 
[/icons-list] 


[icons-list separator="none" shortpoint_visibility="%255B%257B%2522ruleDefinitionId%2522%253A%2522sharePointUserOrGroup%2522%252C%2522data%2522%253A%257B%2522condition%2522%253A%2522visibleOnlyFor%2522%252C%2522selectedUsers%2522%253A%255B%257B%2522name%2522%253A%2522PEPA%2520Content%2520Admin%2522%252C%2522loginName%2522%253A%2522PEPA%2520Content%2520Admin%2522%252C%2522id%2522%253A1860%252C%2522type%2522%253A%2522SharePointGroup%2522%257D%255D%252C%2522useGroupNames%2522%253Afalse%257D%257D%255D" alignment="right" no-icon-style="empty" title-text-size="16"]
[icon-list-item title="EDIT%20SPENDING%20REVIEWS" link="https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gtac.gov.za%2Fpepa%2FFunctionGroupTemplate%2FForms%2FAllItems.aspx" /] 
[/icons-list] 
 
 
[/column]
[/row]
[row]
[column 12][/column] 
[/row] 
[/section-item]
[section-item 9]
[row layout="full-height"]
[column 12]
[panel panel-style="transparent" title="ECONOMIC%20DEVELOPMENT" sub-title="COMPLETED%20SPENDING%20REVIEWS%20" title-size="20" separator-color="primary"]
[accordions title-text-size="14px" icon-close="ion-ios-arrow-up" icon-open="ion-ios-arrow-down"]
[accordion title="Government%20Funding%20in%20Research%2C%20Development%20and%20Innovation"]
A PER on public spending on research, development and innovation was conducted at the request of the DST. Data from a variety of sources were examined to try quantify the level of spending on R&D by government and its impact, but perhaps the most significant point to emerge is that exiting data -- both on spending and output -- are deficient, making it impossible to draw meaningful conclusions. Some recommendations are offered on how to improve this, but cautions are also offered about the extent to which the implementation of any such system would be worth the additional costs and potential conflict.

[files-list icon-size="1" separator="none" spacing="thin" default-icon="file-excel-o"]
[file-list-item shortpoint_connection="%7B%22id%22%3A%22sharePointList%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22siteCollection%22%3A%22%2F%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22Spending%2520Reviews%2520Resources%22%2C%22view%22%3A%22Research%20Development%20and%20Innovation%22%2C%22itemsLimit%22%3A0%2C%22itemsQueryViewFieldsTypes%22%3A%7B%22Edit%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22DocIcon%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22LinkFilename%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Function_x0020_Group%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Spending_x0020_Review_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Document_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Modified%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A4%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22DateTime%22%7D%2C%22Editor%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A20%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22User%22%7D%2C%22FileSizeDisplay%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Title%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A2%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Text%22%7D%7D%2C%22itemsQueryExtraFields%22%3A%5B%22FileRef%22%2C%22BaseName%22%5D%2C%22listInfo%22%3A%7B%22isDocumentLibrary%22%3Atrue%2C%22isDiscussionList%22%3Afalse%2C%22isPublishingPages%22%3Afalse%2C%22isExternalList%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultDisplayFormUrl%22%3A%22%2Fpepa%2FFunctionGroupTemplate%2FForms%2FDispForm.aspx%22%7D%2C%22queryText%22%3A%22%3CView%20Scope%3D'RecursiveAll'%3E%3CQuery%3E%3COrderBy%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22FileLeafRef%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FOrderBy%3E%3CWhere%3E%3CEq%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3CValue%20Type%3D%5C%22Text%5C%22%3EResearch%20Development%20and%20Innovation%3C%2FValue%3E%3C%2FEq%3E%3C%2FWhere%3E%3C%2FQuery%3E%3CRowLimit%3E30%3C%2FRowLimit%3E%3C%2FView%3E%22%7D%2C%22caching%22%3Anull%7D" title="%23Title" file-type="%23DocIcon" link="%23FileRef" linking="new-window" /] 
[/files-list] 
[/accordion]
[accordion title="Industrial%20Development%20Zones%20(IDZ)"]"The IDZ model entailed large upfront government spending on infrastructure; they have sizeable landholdings and exceptionally high oSRating costs, including high salaries and large staff numbers. However, government investment has not been matched by private sector interest and the IDZs attract few new manufacturers or exporters (with the exception of the pre-existing Tata Steel in Richards Bay IDZ). The IDZ model is premised on a high-risk approach that depends on their ability to attract large anchor clients. They provide basic infrastructure and build factories, warehouses, call-centres and the like on risk, which results in very high co-funding ratios. However, given their track record, the realism of this approach needs to be questioned. While this study does not review the approach to industrial policy, it provides interesting markers on managing for greater efficiency. The new SEZ policy needs to manage costs and risks better, with a clearer value proposition. Any upfront infrastructure expenditure should be scaled to match business interest. In the new SEZs, oSRating entities will no longer be SRmanent and new oSRating entities will be appointed on a five-year contract. This would require the SRformance of the new entities to be monitored very closely, with even tighter oversight than for IDZs. In addition, the co-funding regime has been replaced by investment incentives; while this moves the costs off the dti budget, the tax implications would need to be closely monitored and transparently reported."

[files-list icon-size="1" separator="none" spacing="thin" default-icon="file-excel-o"]
[file-list-item shortpoint_connection="%7B%22id%22%3A%22sharePointList%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22siteCollection%22%3A%22%2F%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22Spending%2520Reviews%2520Resources%22%2C%22view%22%3A%22Industrial%20Development%20Zones%22%2C%22itemsLimit%22%3A0%2C%22itemsQueryViewFieldsTypes%22%3A%7B%22Edit%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22DocIcon%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22LinkFilename%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Function_x0020_Group%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Spending_x0020_Review_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Document_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Modified%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A4%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22DateTime%22%7D%2C%22Editor%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A20%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22User%22%7D%2C%22FileSizeDisplay%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Title%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A2%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Text%22%7D%7D%2C%22itemsQueryExtraFields%22%3A%5B%22FileRef%22%2C%22BaseName%22%5D%2C%22listInfo%22%3A%7B%22isDocumentLibrary%22%3Atrue%2C%22isDiscussionList%22%3Afalse%2C%22isPublishingPages%22%3Afalse%2C%22isExternalList%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultDisplayFormUrl%22%3A%22%2Fpepa%2FFunctionGroupTemplate%2FForms%2FDispForm.aspx%22%7D%2C%22queryText%22%3A%22%3CView%20Scope%3D'RecursiveAll'%3E%3CQuery%3E%3COrderBy%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22FileLeafRef%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FOrderBy%3E%3CWhere%3E%3CEq%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3CValue%20Type%3D%5C%22Text%5C%22%3EIndustrial%20Development%20Zones%3C%2FValue%3E%3C%2FEq%3E%3C%2FWhere%3E%3C%2FQuery%3E%3CRowLimit%3E30%3C%2FRowLimit%3E%3C%2FView%3E%22%7D%2C%22caching%22%3Anull%7D" title="%23Title" file-type="%23DocIcon" link="%23FileRef" linking="new-window" /] 
[/files-list] 
 
[/accordion]
[accordion title="Nutrition%20and%20Food%20Security%20for%20Children%20under%205"]A SR of government’s efforts to improve nutrition for children below the age of five was commissioned to understand the cost and impact of the many programmes that contribute to this goal. However, a number of challenges emerged in conducting this SR which, collectively made it impossible to assess proSRly the extent of public spending on child nutrition, much less its effectiveness. From the available information, it is evident that the largest single government programme addressing child malnutrition is the Child Support Grant. Notwithstanding some of the challenges of accessing data, a costing model was developed, on the basis of which it is possible to estimate what it would cost to implement the INS based on a range of variables. The SR estimates that government needs to spend about R13.1 billion a year on interventions to address malnutrition among young children.

[files-list icon-size="1" separator="none" spacing="thin" default-icon="file-excel-o"]
[file-list-item shortpoint_connection="%7B%22id%22%3A%22sharePointList%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22siteCollection%22%3A%22%2F%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22Spending%2520Reviews%2520Resources%22%2C%22view%22%3A%22Nutrition%20and%20Food%20Security%20for%20Children%22%2C%22itemsLimit%22%3A0%2C%22itemsQueryViewFieldsTypes%22%3A%7B%22Edit%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22DocIcon%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22LinkFilename%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Function_x0020_Group%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Spending_x0020_Review_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Document_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Modified%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A4%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22DateTime%22%7D%2C%22Editor%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A20%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22User%22%7D%2C%22FileSizeDisplay%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Title%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A2%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Text%22%7D%7D%2C%22itemsQueryExtraFields%22%3A%5B%22FileRef%22%2C%22BaseName%22%5D%2C%22listInfo%22%3A%7B%22isDocumentLibrary%22%3Atrue%2C%22isDiscussionList%22%3Afalse%2C%22isPublishingPages%22%3Afalse%2C%22isExternalList%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultDisplayFormUrl%22%3A%22%2Fpepa%2FFunctionGroupTemplate%2FForms%2FDispForm.aspx%22%7D%2C%22queryText%22%3A%22%3CView%20Scope%3D'RecursiveAll'%3E%3CQuery%3E%3COrderBy%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22FileLeafRef%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FOrderBy%3E%3CWhere%3E%3CEq%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3CValue%20Type%3D%5C%22Text%5C%22%3ENutrition%20and%20Food%20Security%20for%20Children%3C%2FValue%3E%3C%2FEq%3E%3C%2FWhere%3E%3C%2FQuery%3E%3CRowLimit%3E30%3C%2FRowLimit%3E%3C%2FView%3E%22%7D%2C%22caching%22%3Anull%7D" title="%23Title" file-type="%23DocIcon" link="%23FileRef" linking="new-window" /] 
[/files-list] 
 
[/accordion]
[accordion title="Provincial%20Roads"]The main purpose of this performance and expenditure review (PER) was to understand how much is being spent on provincial roads, what drives this expenditure, and what is being delivered. The aim was to identify where spending might be inefficient, which could inform policy decisions and improve value for money. The PER aimed to analyse the unit cost per kilometre of provincial roads, taking into account the different costs structures across provinces due to topographical, climatic, soil and other differences.

[files-list icon-size="1" separator="none" spacing="thin" default-icon="file-excel-o"]
[file-list-item shortpoint_connection="%7B%22id%22%3A%22sharePointList%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22siteCollection%22%3A%22%2F%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22Spending%2520Reviews%2520Resources%22%2C%22view%22%3A%22Provincial%20Roads%22%2C%22itemsLimit%22%3A0%2C%22itemsQueryViewFieldsTypes%22%3A%7B%22Edit%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22DocIcon%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22LinkFilename%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Function_x0020_Group%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Spending_x0020_Review_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Document_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Modified%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A4%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22DateTime%22%7D%2C%22Editor%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A20%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22User%22%7D%2C%22FileSizeDisplay%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Title%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A2%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Text%22%7D%7D%2C%22itemsQueryExtraFields%22%3A%5B%22FileRef%22%2C%22BaseName%22%5D%2C%22listInfo%22%3A%7B%22isDocumentLibrary%22%3Atrue%2C%22isDiscussionList%22%3Afalse%2C%22isPublishingPages%22%3Afalse%2C%22isExternalList%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultDisplayFormUrl%22%3A%22%2Fpepa%2FFunctionGroupTemplate%2FForms%2FDispForm.aspx%22%7D%2C%22queryText%22%3A%22%3CView%20Scope%3D'RecursiveAll'%3E%3CQuery%3E%3COrderBy%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22FileLeafRef%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FOrderBy%3E%3CWhere%3E%3CEq%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3CValue%20Type%3D%5C%22Text%5C%22%3EIndustrial%20Development%20Zones%3C%2FValue%3E%3C%2FEq%3E%3C%2FWhere%3E%3C%2FQuery%3E%3CRowLimit%3E30%3C%2FRowLimit%3E%3C%2FView%3E%22%7D%2C%22caching%22%3Anull%7D" title="%23Title" file-type="%23DocIcon" link="%23FileRef" linking="new-window" /] 
[/files-list] 
 
[/accordion]
[accordion title="Science%20Councils%20Partnering%20with%20the%20Private%20Sector"]"The review finds that as a group, the science councils are not effective in partnering with the private sector. Mintek is an important exception, as is the CSIR, to a lesser extent. For every R1 that government invests the science councils as a group, only R0.62 in private income is generated. (For Mintek, this ratio is 1:1.69 and for the CSIR, 1:1.04.) The international norm for this efficiency ratio is 1:1. While private income as defined in the study includes income from state-owned corporations, on aggregate this comprises less than 1% of total income of the councils. The analysis suggests that effective partnering between science councils and the private sector depends on two variables: i) the degree to which a council interprets sector partnerships as part of its mandate, and ii) the maturity and willingness of the relevant industry to partner with the council. This is determined in turn by the structure of the industry (e.g. mining vs pharmaceuticals) and the council’s efforts to maintain good partnerships. It is clear from the study that partnerships with the private sector have not been a sufficiently explicit policy objective. While this objective can fruitfully be pursued in a number of cases, government should note that it might not be an appropriate approach for all science councils."

[files-list icon-size="1" separator="none" spacing="thin" default-icon="file-excel-o"]
[file-list-item shortpoint_connection="%7B%22id%22%3A%22sharePointList%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22siteCollection%22%3A%22%2F%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22Spending%2520Reviews%2520Resources%22%2C%22view%22%3A%22Science%20Councils%22%2C%22itemsLimit%22%3A0%2C%22itemsQueryViewFieldsTypes%22%3A%7B%22Edit%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22DocIcon%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22LinkFilename%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Function_x0020_Group%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Spending_x0020_Review_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Document_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Modified%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A4%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22DateTime%22%7D%2C%22Editor%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A20%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22User%22%7D%2C%22FileSizeDisplay%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Title%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A2%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Text%22%7D%7D%2C%22itemsQueryExtraFields%22%3A%5B%22FileRef%22%2C%22BaseName%22%5D%2C%22listInfo%22%3A%7B%22isDocumentLibrary%22%3Atrue%2C%22isDiscussionList%22%3Afalse%2C%22isPublishingPages%22%3Afalse%2C%22isExternalList%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultDisplayFormUrl%22%3A%22%2Fpepa%2FFunctionGroupTemplate%2FForms%2FDispForm.aspx%22%7D%2C%22queryText%22%3A%22%3CView%20Scope%3D'RecursiveAll'%3E%3CQuery%3E%3COrderBy%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22FileLeafRef%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FOrderBy%3E%3CWhere%3E%3CEq%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3CValue%20Type%3D%5C%22Text%5C%22%3EScience%20Councils%3C%2FValue%3E%3C%2FEq%3E%3C%2FWhere%3E%3C%2FQuery%3E%3CRowLimit%3E30%3C%2FRowLimit%3E%3C%2FView%3E%22%7D%2C%22caching%22%3Anull%7D" title="%23Title" file-type="%23DocIcon" link="%23FileRef" linking="new-window" /] 
[/files-list] 
 
[/accordion]
[accordion title="SEDA%20Technology%20Incubators"]"Fundamentally, the Stp incubation programme is well conceived and addresses all aspects of global best practice for SMME development, technology adoption and long-term sustainability and growth. In particular, it includes market linkages, with access to inputs, potential partners and buyers. The costs SR incubatee vary widely between the sectors, ranging from R800 000–R1 million in the chemical and metal industries to R25 000 SR successful SMME in construction. Manufacturing is exceptionally expensive, with an average cost of R8 million SR SMME. The costs directly associated with incubation comprise the majority of total expenditure by the incubators – this is positive, showing that funds at the incubator level achieve results. There is a significant drop-off from the number of incubatees entering the programme to the number of SMMEs graduating from the programme, and again to the number still in business three years later. The incubation programme and the individual incubators should attempt to reduce drop-off rates in each phase. In recent years, the focus on technology has been diluted from a SRformance targeting and monitoring SRspective. The newly established Department of Small Businesses Development is likely to absorb existing agencies and functions of the dti. This analysis highlights the role of the institutional location of a programme in shaping its mandate; the change in departmental structure should not compromise the technology focus of the Stp."

[files-list icon-size="1" separator="none" spacing="thin" default-icon="file-excel-o"]
[file-list-item shortpoint_connection="%7B%22id%22%3A%22sharePointList%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22siteCollection%22%3A%22%2F%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22Spending%2520Reviews%2520Resources%22%2C%22view%22%3A%22SEDA%20Technology%20Incubators%22%2C%22itemsLimit%22%3A0%2C%22itemsQueryViewFieldsTypes%22%3A%7B%22Edit%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22DocIcon%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22LinkFilename%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Function_x0020_Group%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Spending_x0020_Review_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Document_x0020_Type%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A6%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Choice%22%7D%2C%22Modified%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A4%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22DateTime%22%7D%2C%22Editor%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A20%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22User%22%7D%2C%22FileSizeDisplay%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A12%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Computed%22%7D%2C%22Title%22%3A%7B%22fieldType%22%3A2%2C%22typeAsString%22%3A%22Text%22%7D%7D%2C%22itemsQueryExtraFields%22%3A%5B%22FileRef%22%2C%22BaseName%22%5D%2C%22listInfo%22%3A%7B%22isDocumentLibrary%22%3Atrue%2C%22isDiscussionList%22%3Afalse%2C%22isPublishingPages%22%3Afalse%2C%22isExternalList%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultDisplayFormUrl%22%3A%22%2Fpepa%2FFunctionGroupTemplate%2FForms%2FDispForm.aspx%22%7D%2C%22queryText%22%3A%22%3CView%20Scope%3D'RecursiveAll'%3E%3CQuery%3E%3COrderBy%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22FileLeafRef%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FOrderBy%3E%3CWhere%3E%3CEq%3E%3CFieldRef%20Name%3D%5C%22PER_x0020_Sub_x002d_Category%5C%22%20%2F%3E%3CValue%20Type%3D%5C%22Text%5C%22%3ESEDA%20Technology%20Incubators%3C%2FValue%3E%3C%2FEq%3E%3C%2FWhere%3E%3C%2FQuery%3E%3CRowLimit%3E30%3C%2FRowLimit%3E%3C%2FView%3E%22%7D%2C%22caching%22%3Anull%7D" title="%23Title" file-type="%23DocIcon" link="%23FileRef" linking="new-window" /] 
[/files-list] 
 
[/accordion]
[/accordions]

[/panel]



[/column]
[/row]
[/section-item]
[/section]